# TCP1P CTF

## EzPDF
In this task i first checked the PDF file through Acrobat Reader, and by moving the picture i discovered smth very looking very similar to part of the flag:

`_0N_pdf_f1L35_15_345y`

Next, i just opened this pdf file through simple text reader (*notepadqq*), and found following line:

`/Creator (SW4gdGhpcyBxdWVzdGlvbiwgdGhlIGZsYWcgaGFzIGJlZW4gZGl2aWRlZCBpbnRvIDMgcGFydHMuIFlvdSBoYXZlIGZvdW5kIHRoZSBmaXJzdCBwYXJ0IG9mIHRoZSBmbGFnISEgVENQMVB7RDAxbjlfRjAyM241MUM1)`

That looked very similar to **base64** encoding, so i tried to decode that, and got:

`In this question, the flag has been divided into 3 parts. You have found the first part of the flag!! TCP1P{D01n9_F023n51C5`

Great! So we've got 2 parts of 3 parts of the flag. Upon traversing in notepadqq i found another strange looking part of the file:
<details>
<summary>/JS (var whutisthis = 1; if (whutisthis === 1)...</summary>
/JS (var whutisthis = 1; if (whutisthis === 1) { this.print({bUI:true,bSilent:false,bShrinkToFit:true}); } else { function _0x510a(_0x4c8c49,_0x29ea76){var _0x5934bd=_0x5934();return _0x510a=function(_0x510a0b,_0x1b87bb){_0x510a0b=_0x510a0b-0x174;var _0x6c8a33=_0x5934bd[_0x510a0b];return _0x6c8a33;},_0x510a(_0x4c8c49,_0x29ea76);}(function(_0x39f268,_0x3518a2){var _0x43b398=_0x510a,_0x1759ee=_0x39f268();while(!![]){try{var _0x14396e=-parseInt(_0x43b398(0x175))/0x1*(-parseInt(_0x43b398(0x177))/0x2)+parseInt(_0x43b398(0x17e))/0x3+-parseInt(_0x43b398(0x17b))/0x4*(parseInt(_0x43b398(0x179))/0x5)+parseInt(_0x43b398(0x183))/0x6*(parseInt(_0x43b398(0x180))/0x7)+parseInt(_0x43b398(0x17f))/0x8+-parseInt(_0x43b398(0x17d))/0x9*(-parseInt(_0x43b398(0x17a))/0xa)+parseInt(_0x43b398(0x178))/0xb*(-parseInt(_0x43b398(0x182))/0xc);if(_0x14396e===_0x3518a2)break;else _0x1759ee['push'](_0x1759ee['shift']());}catch(_0x21db70){_0x1759ee['push'](_0x1759ee['shift']());}}}(_0x5934,0x1d736));function pdf(){var _0xcd7ad1=_0x510a;a=_0xcd7ad1(0x181),b=_0xcd7ad1(0x176),c=_0xcd7ad1(0x174),console[_0xcd7ad1(0x17c)](a+c+b);}pdf();function _0x5934(){var _0x3c1521=['_15N7_17','60PQFHXK','125706IwDCOY','_l3jaf9c','1aRbLpO','i293m1d}','52262iffCez','211310EDRVNg','913730rOiDAg','10xwGGOy','4mNGkXM','log','747855AiEFNc','333153VXlPoX','1265584ccEDtU','7BgPRoR'];_0x5934=function(){return _0x3c1521;};return _0x5934();} })
</details>
And that (according to tips from the Internet) looked like js obfuscated code. Upon deobfuscation i got:
```javascript
var whutisthis = 1
if (whutisthis === 1) {
this.print({
bUI: true,
bSilent: false,
bShrinkToFit: true,
})
} else {
function pdf() {
a = '_15N7_17'
b = 'i293m1d}'
c = '_l3jaf9c'
console.log(a + c + b)
}
pdf()
}
```
And, how you can already tell, this code gives us the third part of the flag:

`'_15N7_17_l3jaf9ci293m1d}`

So, the final flag will look like:

`TCP1P{D01n9_F023n51C5_0N_pdf_f1L35_15_345y_15N7_17_l3jaf9ci293m1d}`

## zipzipzip
This task consisted of the file zip-25000.zip and the password password.txt. After using the unzip command, it became clear that this is a nesting doll of 25000 zip files folded into each other, and with a password. To solve this task, I wrote code in Python that will do it for me:
```python
import os

zip_number=25000
cmd1 = "find . -name '*.zip' -exec unzip -o -P "
cmd2 = " {} \; -exec rm {} \;"

file = open("password.txt", "r")
pswd = (file.read()).strip()
file.close()

for i in range(1, zip_number):
print('readed pswd number', i, ' - ', pswd)

os.system(cmd1 + pswd + cmd2)

file = open("password.txt", "r")
pswd = (file.read()).strip()
file.close()

print('done for: ', i)
```

And in file named zip-1.zip we found file named flag.txt.

Flag: `TCP1P{1_TH1NK_U_G00D_4T_SCR1PT1N9_botanbell_1s_h3r3^_^}`

## Sanity Check
This task had a link to events discord server. Upon searching the flag, i found it in the bot's description.\
Flag: `TCP1P{Welcome To TCP1P Server}`

## Guess My Number
In this task we are presented with file named *guess*, that is unreadable, but strarts with the letters **ELF**. I found
app named `radare 2` that lets you effectively dissassemble many file types.

So i dissassembled that file, and with function `afl` looked what functions lies inside that *guess* file. This is what i got:
```
0x000010d0 1 33 entry0
0x00001100 4 34 sym.deregister_tm_clones
0x00001130 4 51 sym.register_tm_clones
0x00001170 5 54 sym.__do_global_dtors_aux
0x000010c0 1 6 sym.imp.__cxa_finalize
0x000011b0 1 9 sym.frame_dummy
0x0000122b 3 183 sym.vuln
0x00001060 1 6 sym.imp.srand
0x000010b0 1 6 sym.imp.rand
0x00001050 1 6 sym.imp.printf
0x00001070 1 6 sym.imp.fflush
0x00001090 1 6 sym.imp.__isoc99_scanf
0x00001030 1 6 sym.imp.puts
0x00001040 1 6 sym.imp.system
0x000010a0 1 6 sym.imp.exit
0x0000130c 1 9 sym._fini
0x00001206 1 37 sym.banner
0x000012e2 1 41 main
0x000011b9 3 77 sym.flag_handler
0x00001080 1 6 sym.imp.fopen
0x00001000 3 23 sym._init
```

Next, i looked up main function by the command `pdf @main`:
```
int main (int argc, char **argv, char **envp);
│ 0x000012e2 55 push rbp
│ 0x000012e3 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
│ 0x000012e6 b800000000 mov eax, 0
│ 0x000012eb e8c9feffff call sym.flag_handler
│ 0x000012f0 b800000000 mov eax, 0
│ 0x000012f5 e80cffffff call sym.banner
│ 0x000012fa b800000000 mov eax, 0
│ 0x000012ff e827ffffff call sym.vuln
│ 0x00001304 b800000000 mov eax, 0
│ 0x00001309 5d pop rbp
└ 0x0000130a c3 ret
```

And then, since the banner comes before asking us to guess number, i understood that function that checks our number is sys.vuln,
so, i looked it up via `pdf @sys.vuln` and got:

```
sym.vuln ();
│ ; var int64_t var_4h @ rbp-0x4
│ 0x0000122b 55 push rbp
│ 0x0000122c 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
│ 0x0000122f 4883ec10 sub rsp, 0x10
│ 0x00001233 c705272e0000. mov dword [obj.key], 0 ; [0x4064:4]=0
│ 0x0000123d bf39050000 mov edi, 0x539 ; int seed
│ 0x00001242 e819feffff call sym.imp.srand ; void srand(int seed)
│ 0x00001247 e864feffff call sym.imp.rand ; int rand(void)
│ 0x0000124c 8945fc mov dword [var_4h], eax
│ 0x0000124f 488d05670e00. lea rax, str.Your_Guess_:_ ; 0x20bd ; "Your Guess : "
│ 0x00001256 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; const char *format
│ 0x00001259 b800000000 mov eax, 0
│ 0x0000125e e8edfdffff call sym.imp.printf ; int printf(const char *format)
│ 0x00001263 488b05ee2d00. mov rax, qword [obj.stdout] ; obj.__TMC_END__
│ ; [0x4058:8]=0
│ 0x0000126a 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; FILE *stream
│ 0x0000126d e8fefdffff call sym.imp.fflush ; int fflush(FILE *stream)
│ 0x00001272 488d05eb2d00. lea rax, obj.key ; 0x4064
│ 0x00001279 4889c6 mov rsi, rax
│ 0x0000127c 488d05480e00. lea rax, [0x000020cb] ; "%d"
│ 0x00001283 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; const char *format
│ 0x00001286 b800000000 mov eax, 0
│ 0x0000128b e800feffff call sym.imp.__isoc99_scanf ; int scanf(const char *format)
│ 0x00001290 8b45fc mov eax, dword [var_4h]
│ 0x00001293 8d90f3671400 lea edx, [rax + 0x1467f3]
│ 0x00001299 8b05c52d0000 mov eax, dword [obj.key] ; [0x4064:4]=0
│ 0x0000129f 31d0 xor eax, edx
│ 0x000012a1 3dbebafeca cmp eax, 0xcafebabe
│ ┌─< 0x000012a6 7528 jne 0x12d0
│ │ 0x000012a8 488d051f0e00. lea rax, str.Correct__This_is_your_flag_: ; 0x20ce ; "Correct! This is your flag :"
│ │ 0x000012af 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; const char *s
│ │ 0x000012b2 e879fdffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
│ │ 0x000012b7 488d052d0e00. lea rax, str.cat_flag.txt ; 0x20eb ; "cat flag.txt"
│ │ 0x000012be 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; const char *string
│ │ 0x000012c1 e87afdffff call sym.imp.system ; int system(const char *string)
│ │ 0x000012c6 bf00000000 mov edi, 0 ; int status
│ │ 0x000012cb e8d0fdffff call sym.imp.exit ; void exit(int status)
│ │ ; CODE XREF from sym.vuln @ 0x12a6(x)
│ └─> 0x000012d0 488d05210e00. lea rax, str.Wrong__Try_again_harder_ ; 0x20f8 ; "Wrong, Try again harder!"
│ 0x000012d7 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; const char *s
│ 0x000012da e851fdffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
│ 0x000012df 90 nop
│ 0x000012e0 c9 leave
└ 0x000012e1 c3 ret
```

Then, here i found line that says `0x000012a1 3dbebafeca cmp eax, 0xcafebabe`, where program compare our string with 0xcafebabe.

But before that, we can see this:
```
0x00001293 8d90f3671400 lea edx, [rax + 0x1467f3]
0x00001299 8b05c52d0000 mov eax, dword [obj.key] ; [0x4064:4]=0
0x0000129f 31d0 xor eax, edx
```
That means, that our input is firstly XORed with 0x1467f3, and only then it is comared to 0xcafebabe.

So to get the correct input we need to XOR(edx, 0xcafebabe). The rax == **0x000020cb** => edx == **[0x1488be]** and if we look at the memory sector **[0x1488be]** we will find **0x118561dc**, so that means that eax == **0xdb7bdb62**. Simply convert it to decimal and get **3682327394**. If we type that number we will get the flag!

Flag: `TCP1P{r4nd0m_1s_n0t_th4t_r4nd0m_r19ht?_946f38f6ee18476e7a0bff1c1ed4b23b}`

## Bluffer Overflow
In this challenge we are presented with this code:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

char buff[20];
int buff2;

void setup(){
setvbuf(stdin, buff, _IONBF, 0);
setvbuf(stdout, buff, _IONBF, 0);
setvbuf(stderr, buff, _IONBF, 0);
}

void flag_handler(){
FILE *f = fopen("flag.txt","r");
if (f == NULL) {
printf("Cannot find flag.txt!");
exit(0);
}
}

void buffer(){
buff2 = 0;
printf("Can you get the exact value to print the flag?\n");
printf("Input: ");
fflush(stdout);
gets(buff);
if (buff2 > 5134160) {
printf("Too high!\n\n");
} else if (buff2 == 5134160){
printf("Congrats, You got the right value!\n");
system("cat flag.txt");
} else {
printf("Sad, too low! :(, maybe you can add *more* value 0_0\n\n");
}
printf("\nOutput : %s, Value : %d \n", buff, buff2);
}

int main(){
flag_handler();
setup();
buffer();
}
```

So, we can see the number we need to get is **5134160**. I tried typing characters until i see that buffer is overflown and our input is registered.

The last input that wasn't registered is *0xffffffffffffffffff*, if i tried enhancing that one, value went up.

Next, i just tried bruteforcing it with ASCII characters on my local machine, until i got the answer, that was *0xffffffffffffffffffPWN*,
so i tried it in the remote challenge and got the flag.

Flag: `TCP1P{ez_buff3r_0verflow_l0c4l_v4r1abl3_38763f0c86da16fe14e062cd054d71ca}`

## Links
[Participation certificate](https://github.com/Archibald1707/ctf_writeups/blob/master/certificate.pdf)

Original writeup (https://github.com/Archibald1707/ctf_writeups/blob/master/TCP1P.md#ezpdf).