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<h1 class="flex-auto min-width-0 mb-2 mb-md-0 mr-0 mr-md-2 gh-header-title">PicoCTF : st3g0</h1>

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Firas Chaib edited this page <relative-time datetime="2022-04-16T16:28:13Z" class="no-wrap">Apr 16, 2022</relative-time>
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GDG Algiers CTF : franklin last words
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PatriotCTF : Banner
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PatriotCTF : CoruptAAAAd
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PicoCTF : Eavesdrop
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PicoCTF : Operation Oni
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PicoCTF : Sleuthkit Apprentice
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PicoCTF : Transposition Trial
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Space Heroes CTF : Easy Crypto Challenge
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Space Heroes CTF : Information Paradox
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Space Heroes CTF : Invisible Stargate
</span> </div>
</summary>

<include-fragment class="js-wiki-sidebar-toc-fragment" loading="lazy" src="https://github.com/not1cyyy/CTF-Writeups/wiki/Space-Heroes-CTF-:-Invisible-Stargate/_toc">
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Space Heroes CTF : Off The Grid
</span> </div>
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Space Heroes CTF : Strange Traffic
</span> </div>
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<h1><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Description</h1>

Download this image and find the flag.

Hint : We know the end sequence of the message will be $t3g0.

<h2><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Files</h2>

pico.flag.png

<h1><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Solution</h1>
<h2><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Recon</h2>

$t3g0 ? isn't that LSB encoding ?

I had this python script that was laying in one of my previous ctf challenges that can decode LSB so I ran it against the image :

<div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="#import libraries
import sys
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
np.set_printoptions(threshold=sys.maxsize)

#encoding function
def Encode(src, message, dest):

img = Image.open(src, 'r')
width, height = img.size
array = np.array(list(img.getdata()))

if img.mode == 'RGB':
n = 3
elif img.mode == 'RGBA':
n = 4

total_pixels = array.size//n

message += "$t3g0"
b_message = ''.join([format(ord(i), "08b") for i in message])
req_pixels = len(b_message)

if req_pixels > total_pixels:
print("ERROR: Need larger file size")

else:
index=0
for p in range(total_pixels):
for q in range(0, 3):
if index < req_pixels:
array[p][q] = int(bin(array[p][q])[2:9] + b_message[index], 2)
index += 1

array=array.reshape(height, width, n)
enc_img = Image.fromarray(array.astype('uint8'), img.mode)
enc_img.save(dest)
print("Image Encoded Successfully")

#decoding function
def Decode(src):

img = Image.open(src, 'r')
array = np.array(list(img.getdata()))

if img.mode == 'RGB':
n = 3
elif img.mode == 'RGBA':
n = 4

total_pixels = array.size//n

hidden_bits = ""
for p in range(total_pixels):
for q in range(0, 3):
hidden_bits += (bin(array[p][q])[2:][-1])

hidden_bits = [hidden_bits[i:i+8] for i in range(0, len(hidden_bits), 8)]

message = ""
for i in range(len(hidden_bits)):
if message[-5:] == "$t3g0":
break
else:
message += chr(int(hidden_bits[i], 2))
if "$t3g0" in message:
print("Hidden Message:", message[:-5])
else:
print("No Hidden Message Found")

#main function
def Stego():
print("--Welcome to $t3g0--")
print("1: Encode")
print("2: Decode")

func = input()

if func == '1':
print("Enter Source Image Path")
src = input()
print("Enter Message to Hide")
message = input()
print("Enter Destination Image Path")
dest = input()
print("Encoding...")
Encode(src, message, dest)

elif func == '2':
print("Enter Source Image Path")
src = input()
print("Decoding...")
Decode(src)

else:
print("ERROR: Invalid option chosen")

Stego()">

#import libraries
import sys
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
np.set_printoptions(threshold=sys.maxsize)

#encoding function
def Encode(src, message, dest):

    img = Image.open(src, 'r')
    width, height = img.size
    array = np.array(list(img.getdata()))

    if img.mode == 'RGB':
        n = 3
    elif img.mode == 'RGBA':
        n = 4

    total_pixels = array.size//n

    message += "$t3g0"
    b_message = ''.join([format(ord(i), "08b") for i in message])
    req_pixels = len(b_message)

    if req_pixels > total_pixels:
        print("ERROR: Need larger file size")

    else:
        index=0
        for p in range(total_pixels):
            for q in range(0, 3):
                if index < req_pixels:
                    array[p][q] = int(bin(array[p][q])[2:9] + b_message[index], 2)
                    index += 1

        array=array.reshape(height, width, n)
        enc_img = Image.fromarray(array.astype('uint8'), img.mode)
        enc_img.save(dest)
        print("Image Encoded Successfully")

#decoding function
def Decode(src):

    img = Image.open(src, 'r')
    array = np.array(list(img.getdata()))

    if img.mode == 'RGB':
        n = 3
    elif img.mode == 'RGBA':
        n = 4

    total_pixels = array.size//n

    hidden_bits = ""
    for p in range(total_pixels):
        for q in range(0, 3):
            hidden_bits += (bin(array[p][q])[2:][-1])

    hidden_bits = [hidden_bits[i:i+8] for i in range(0, len(hidden_bits), 8)]

    message = ""
    for i in range(len(hidden_bits)):
        if message[-5:] == "$t3g0":
            break
        else:
            message += chr(int(hidden_bits[i], 2))
    if "$t3g0" in message:
        print("Hidden Message:", message[:-5])
    else:
        print("No Hidden Message Found")

#main function
def Stego():
    print("--Welcome to $t3g0--")
    print("1: Encode")
    print("2: Decode")

    func = input()

    if func == '1':
        print("Enter Source Image Path")
        src = input()
        print("Enter Message to Hide")
        message = input()
        print("Enter Destination Image Path")
        dest = input()
        print("Encoding...")
        Encode(src, message, dest)

    elif func == '2':
        print("Enter Source Image Path")
        src = input()
        print("Decoding...")
        Decode(src)

    else:
        print("ERROR: Invalid option chosen")

Stego()

</div>

Or alternatively, we can run Zsteg against the image and we get the same output ! it's as easy as that !

picoCTF{7h3r3_15_n0_5p00n_87ef5b0b}

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<details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open>
<summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary>
<details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal">
<button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog>
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</button>
<div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div>
</details-dialog>
</details>
</template>

</div>

Original writeup (https://github.com/not1cyyy/CTF-Writeups/wiki/PicoCTF-:-st3g0).

St3g0

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